Feeding your Shih Tzu the right diet is essential for their overall health, energy levels, and longevity. Since this breed is small, brachycephalic (short-nosed), and prone to digestive sensitivities, their diet must be carefully chosen to provide the right balance of protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. In this guide, we’ll explore the best food options for a healthy Shih Tzu, the differences between commercial and homemade diets, and how to ensure your furry friend gets all the nutrients they need.
Understanding the Nutritional Needs of a Shih Tzu
Shih Tzus have unique dietary requirements due to their small size, long coat, and sensitive digestion. The best diet should provide:
- High-quality protein to maintain muscle strength and energy
- Healthy fats to support skin and coat health
- Easily digestible carbohydrates for sustained energy
- Essential vitamins and minerals for a strong immune system
- Plenty of hydration to prevent dehydration and kidney issues
Shih Tzus have small stomachs but fast metabolisms, meaning they need nutrient-dense food in small portions. Feeding them too much can lead to obesity, while poor-quality food can cause digestive problems, allergies, and dull coat conditions.
Best Food Options for a Healthy Shih Tzu
1. High-Quality Dry Kibble
Dry kibble is a convenient and popular option for Shih Tzus, as it helps maintain dental health by reducing plaque buildup. Look for kibble that is:
- Specifically formulated for small breeds
- Made with real animal protein (chicken, turkey, lamb, fish)
- Free from artificial preservatives, colors, and by-products
- Enriched with omega fatty acids, probiotics, and antioxidants
Some of the best commercial dry food brands for Shih Tzus include:
- Royal Canin Shih Tzu Adult – Formulated for their unique needs
- Blue Buffalo Life Protection Small Breed – Rich in antioxidants and protein
- Wellness CORE Small Breed – High in protein and grain-free
- Hill’s Science Diet Small Paws – Supports digestion and skin health
2. Wet Food for Extra Hydration
Shih Tzus sometimes struggle with hydration, and adding wet food to their diet can help. Wet food is also a good option for senior dogs or those with dental problems. Some great wet food choices include:
- Cesar Gourmet Small Breed – Tasty and well-balanced
- Merrick Lil’ Plates Grain-Free – High in protein and moisture
- Wellness Complete Health Small Breed Wet Food – Contains added nutrients for coat and immune health
3. Homemade Diet: A Natural Alternative
If you prefer a more natural and controlled diet, you can prepare homemade meals for your Shih Tzu. A balanced homemade diet should include:
- Lean meats like chicken, turkey, or beef (cooked and unseasoned)
- Healthy vegetables like carrots, green beans, and peas
- Wholesome carbohydrates such as brown rice or quinoa
- Healthy fats like salmon oil or coconut oil
Here’s an example of a simple homemade meal for a Shih Tzu:
- 1/3 cup of cooked chicken breast (boneless and skinless)
- 1/4 cup of brown rice
- 1/4 cup of steamed carrots and green beans
- 1 teaspoon of salmon oil for omega-3 fatty acids
Before switching to a homemade diet, consult your veterinarian to ensure your dog is receiving all necessary nutrients.
4. Raw Diet: Is It Safe for Shih Tzus?
Some owners opt for a raw diet (BARF – Biologically Appropriate Raw Food), which consists of raw meat, bones, organs, and vegetables. While this diet mimics a dog’s natural eating habits, it also carries risks such as bacterial contamination and nutritional imbalances. If you choose this route, work with a pet nutritionist to ensure the diet is safe and balanced.
Foods to Avoid: What Shih Tzus Shouldn’t Eat
Certain human foods are toxic or harmful to Shih Tzus and should always be avoided:
- Chocolate – Contains theobromine, which is toxic to dogs
- Grapes and Raisins – Can cause kidney failure
- Onions and Garlic – Can damage red blood cells and lead to anemia
- Avocado – Contains persin, which can be toxic to dogs
- Xylitol (Artificial Sweetener) – Can cause a dangerous drop in blood sugar
- Dairy Products – Many dogs are lactose intolerant and can develop stomach upset
If your dog accidentally eats any of these foods, contact your veterinarian immediately.
How Often Should You Feed a Shih Tzu?
The number of meals and portion sizes depend on the dog’s age, weight, and activity level. Here’s a general feeding guideline:
- Puppies (2-6 months) – 3 to 4 small meals per day
- Adults (1-7 years) – 2 meals per day
- Seniors (7+ years) – 2 smaller meals per day, with softer food if needed
Always follow portion recommendations based on your dog’s weight and the food manufacturer’s guidelines to prevent overfeeding.
The Importance of Hydration
Shih Tzus can be prone to dehydration, especially if they eat mostly dry kibble. To keep your dog well-hydrated:
- Provide fresh water at all times
- Add wet food or broth to their diet
- Use a pet water fountain to encourage drinking
Signs of dehydration include dry gums, lethargy, and loss of skin elasticity. If you suspect dehydration, encourage water intake and consult your vet if symptoms persist.
Supplements for Extra Health Benefits
While a balanced diet should provide all necessary nutrients, some Shih Tzus may benefit from supplements such as:
- Omega-3 fatty acids – Promote healthy skin and coat
- Glucosamine and chondroitin – Support joint health, especially in older dogs
- Probiotics – Aid digestion and prevent stomach issues
- Multivitamins – Can be beneficial for homemade diets or picky eaters
Final Thoughts
Providing the best diet for your Shih Tzu involves choosing high-quality, nutrient-rich foods that support their overall health and well-being. Whether you opt for premium kibble, wet food, or a homemade diet, always prioritize real ingredients, balanced nutrition, and proper portion control. Avoid harmful foods, ensure proper hydration, and consider supplements when needed. By taking these steps, you’ll help your Shih Tzu live a long, happy, and healthy life.