Shih Tzus are small, affectionate, and playful dogs, but their unique body structure makes them vulnerable to spinal problems. Their long back, short legs, and compact build put extra stress on their spine, increasing the risk of conditions such as intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), herniated discs, and arthritis. Since spinal issues can cause pain, mobility problems, and even paralysis, prevention is key to keeping your Shih Tzu healthy and active.
Understanding the common causes of spinal problems and how to minimize risks through proper handling, exercise, diet, and home adjustments can help protect your furry companion from serious health complications.
Why Are Shih Tzus Prone to Spinal Issues?
Several factors make Shih Tzus more susceptible to back problems. Their body proportions, genetics, and lifestyle all contribute to the health of their spine.
1. Long Back and Short Legs
Like Dachshunds and Corgis, Shih Tzus have a relatively long back compared to their leg length. This structure puts additional strain on the spine, making them more prone to spinal injuries, especially when jumping from high surfaces.
2. Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
IVDD is one of the most common spinal problems in small breeds like Shih Tzus. It occurs when the discs between the vertebrae degenerate, bulge, or rupture, causing pain, nerve compression, and even paralysis. IVDD can develop due to genetics, age, or repeated spinal stress.
3. Poor Posture and Improper Movement
Frequent jumping on and off furniture, improper lifting, and sudden twisting movements can cause strain on the spine. Over time, repeated stress can lead to disc injuries and chronic pain.
4. Obesity and Excess Weight
Extra weight puts more pressure on the spine and joints, increasing the risk of herniated discs and mobility problems. Since Shih Tzus are prone to obesity, keeping them at a healthy weight is essential for spinal health.
5. Aging and Arthritis
As Shih Tzus age, their spinal discs and joints naturally wear down, leading to stiffness, pain, and arthritis. Preventative care throughout their life can slow down these age-related issues and keep them comfortable in their senior years.
Signs of Spinal Problems in a Shih Tzu
Spinal issues can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and paralysis. Watch for these warning signs that indicate your Shih Tzu may be experiencing back problems:
- Reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or move normally
- Yelping or whining when touched
- Hunched back or stiffness when walking
- Dragging back legs or difficulty standing
- Loss of coordination or balance
- Weakness in the hind legs
- Sudden paralysis or inability to walk
If your Shih Tzu shows any of these symptoms, seek veterinary attention immediately. Spinal problems can worsen quickly, and early treatment is crucial for recovery.
How to Prevent Spinal Problems in a Shih Tzu
While some spinal conditions are genetic, many risk factors can be managed or reduced with proper care. Following these prevention strategies will help protect your Shih Tzu’s back and maintain their mobility.
1. Avoid Jumping on and Off Furniture
Jumping from high surfaces is one of the leading causes of spinal injuries in small dogs. The impact can cause disc damage, fractures, or joint strain.
- Use ramps or pet stairs to help your Shih Tzu get on and off beds, couches, or cars safely.
- Train them to wait for assistance instead of jumping down on their own.
- Block access to high furniture if your dog insists on jumping.
2. Support Their Back When Picking Them Up
Improper lifting can put excessive pressure on your dog’s spine. Always pick up your Shih Tzu the right way:
- Place one hand under their chest and the other hand under their hindquarters for full support.
- Avoid lifting them by their front legs, armpits, or belly, as this can strain their spine.
- Hold them close to your body for stability when carrying them.
3. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Obesity significantly increases the risk of spinal and joint problems. Extra weight puts unnecessary pressure on the spine, leading to disc degeneration and back pain.
- Feed a balanced, portion-controlled diet to prevent excess weight gain.
- Choose high-quality dog food rich in protein, vitamins, and joint-supporting nutrients.
- Avoid giving too many treats and table scraps, which can contribute to obesity.
4. Provide Gentle but Regular Exercise
Exercise keeps a Shih Tzu’s muscles strong, providing support for their spine. However, their activity should be controlled to prevent unnecessary strain.
- Take short, controlled walks daily instead of allowing rough play or intense running.
- Avoid sudden twisting movements that can stress the spine.
- Use puzzle toys and low-impact games to keep them active without risking injury.
5. Invest in an Orthopedic Dog Bed
A soft, supportive bed can help relieve spinal pressure and keep your Shih Tzu comfortable. Orthopedic or memory foam dog beds provide extra cushioning for their joints and back.
- Avoid hard floors or uneven surfaces where they might sleep.
- Choose a low-profile bed so they can get in and out easily without jumping.
6. Use a Harness Instead of a Collar
Traditional collars put pressure on the neck and spine, especially for brachycephalic breeds like Shih Tzus. A well-fitted harness distributes pressure evenly across the chest, reducing strain on the neck and back.
- Choose a padded, comfortable harness that fits snugly without restricting movement.
- Avoid retractable leashes, as sudden pulls can strain their spine.
7. Schedule Regular Vet Checkups
Routine veterinary visits can help detect spinal problems early. If your vet notices signs of disc degeneration, joint issues, or stiffness, they may recommend treatments such as physical therapy, joint supplements, or pain management.
- Ask your vet about glucosamine and chondroitin supplements, which support joint and spinal health.
- Discuss low-impact physical therapy if your dog shows early signs of back issues.
8. Prevent Falls and Slips
Slippery floors and unstable surfaces increase the risk of falls and injuries. Since Shih Tzus have short legs, they may struggle to maintain balance on hardwood or tile floors.
- Use rugs, carpets, or non-slip mats in areas where your dog walks frequently.
- Avoid playing on wet or slippery surfaces to reduce the risk of accidents.
9. Monitor for Early Signs of Discomfort
Since spinal problems can develop gradually, early detection is key. Observe your dog’s posture, movements, and energy levels daily. If you notice stiffness, reluctance to move, or occasional limping, take action immediately by reducing activity and consulting your vet.
Final Thoughts
Protecting a Shih Tzu’s spine requires careful management of their movement, weight, and environment. Preventing jumping, using proper lifting techniques, maintaining a healthy weight, and providing joint support are essential steps in reducing the risk of spinal problems. While some conditions are genetic, many back issues can be avoided through proper care and awareness. By following these preventative measures, you can help your Shih Tzu stay active, comfortable, and free from debilitating spinal injuries.