Bad breath in dogs, also known as halitosis, is a common issue that many Shih Tzu owners encounter. While a dog’s breath isn’t expected to smell minty fresh, an extremely foul odor can indicate underlying health problems such as dental disease, digestive issues, or infections. Since Shih Tzus are a brachycephalic breed with a compact mouth structure, they are particularly prone to dental problems, which can lead to persistent bad breath.
If your Shih Tzu has bad breath, it’s important to identify the cause, take steps to improve their oral hygiene, and address any underlying medical conditions. In this guide, we’ll explore the common reasons for bad breath in Shih Tzus, effective treatments, and prevention strategies to keep your dog’s mouth healthy and odor-free.
Common Causes of Bad Breath in Shih Tzus
1. Poor Dental Hygiene and Tartar Buildup
One of the most common reasons for bad breath in Shih Tzus is poor oral hygiene. If plaque and tartar are not removed regularly, bacteria accumulate, leading to bad breath and, eventually, dental diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis.
Signs of dental problems include:
- Yellow or brown buildup on the teeth
- Swollen or bleeding gums
- Difficulty chewing or loss of appetite
- Loose teeth or excessive drooling
2. Gum Disease and Tooth Infections
When plaque buildup is left untreated, it can lead to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and severe periodontal disease, causing tooth decay, infections, and abscesses. These conditions can produce an extremely foul odor due to the presence of bacteria and decaying tissue.
3. Retained Baby Teeth (Common in Shih Tzus)
Shih Tzus are a toy breed, and they often have retained baby teeth that don’t fall out properly. When adult teeth grow in alongside baby teeth, food and bacteria can become trapped, leading to bad breath and increased risk of dental infections.
4. Digestive Issues and Poor Diet
What your Shih Tzu eats directly affects their breath. Some common dietary causes of bad breath include:
- Low-quality dog food with artificial additives and fillers
- Eating garbage or spoiled food
- Food intolerances or poor digestion, leading to acid reflux or an upset stomach
5. Excessive Plaque on the Tongue
The tongue can harbor bacteria just like the teeth. If plaque and bacteria build up on the tongue, it can contribute to persistent bad breath.
6. Kidney or Liver Disease
A foul, ammonia-like odor in your dog’s breath could indicate kidney disease, while a musty or sweet smell could be a sign of liver disease. These conditions require immediate veterinary attention, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like weight loss, vomiting, or changes in urination.
7. Diabetes (Fruity or Sweet Breath)
If your Shih Tzu’s breath has a fruity or sweet smell, it could be a sign of diabetes. Other symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss.
8. Eating Feces (Coprophagia)
Some dogs develop a habit of eating feces (coprophagia), which naturally leads to foul-smelling breath. This behavior may be caused by nutritional deficiencies, boredom, or anxiety.
How to Fix Bad Breath in a Shih Tzu
1. Brush Your Dog’s Teeth Regularly
The most effective way to prevent bad breath is daily tooth brushing. Use a dog-specific toothbrush and toothpaste, as human toothpaste contains ingredients that are toxic to dogs.
How to brush your Shih Tzu’s teeth:
- Start by letting your dog lick the toothpaste off your finger to get used to the taste.
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a finger brush to gently clean their teeth.
- Focus on removing plaque and tartar from the back molars, as these tend to accumulate more buildup.
- Brush at least 3–4 times a week, but daily brushing is ideal.
2. Use Dental Chews and Toys
Dental chews and chew toys can help reduce plaque buildup by naturally scrubbing the teeth. Choose:
- Vet-approved dental chews
- Rubber chew toys with ridges that help clean the teeth
- Rawhide alternatives, such as bully sticks or yak milk chews
3. Provide a Balanced, High-Quality Diet
Feeding your Shih Tzu a nutritious diet supports their overall health and helps prevent digestive-related bad breath.
- Avoid cheap, filler-based dog foods with artificial ingredients.
- Choose high-protein, low-carb options with natural ingredients.
- Consider adding fresh vegetables like carrots to their diet, as these can naturally clean teeth.
4. Schedule Regular Professional Dental Cleanings
Even with good at-home care, your Shih Tzu may still need professional dental cleanings to remove stubborn tartar. Your vet may recommend:
- A deep cleaning under anesthesia to remove plaque below the gumline.
- Tooth extractions if there are signs of decay or infection.
- X-rays to check for hidden dental problems.
5. Try Water Additives and Dental Sprays
Water additives work like mouthwash for dogs, helping to reduce bacteria in the mouth. Simply add a vet-approved dental solution to your dog’s drinking water to freshen their breath.
6. Keep Their Tongue and Gums Clean
Wipe your Shih Tzu’s tongue and gums with a soft, damp cloth or dental wipes to remove bacteria buildup.
7. Encourage Hydration
A dry mouth can lead to bad breath, so ensure your dog drinks plenty of fresh, clean water throughout the day. Dehydration allows bacteria to multiply more easily in the mouth.
8. Address Underlying Health Conditions
If bad breath persists despite good oral hygiene, a veterinary checkup is necessary. Your vet can:
- Test for kidney, liver, or metabolic diseases.
- Check for digestive issues or acid reflux.
- Diagnose bacterial infections or periodontal disease.
9. Prevent Coprophagia (If Your Dog Eats Feces)
If your Shih Tzu eats poop, take steps to prevent access to feces and break the habit.
- Clean up their waste immediately after elimination.
- Add digestive enzyme supplements to their food to discourage coprophagia.
- Provide more mental stimulation and chew toys to prevent boredom-driven behavior.
When to See a Vet for Bad Breath
If your Shih Tzu’s bad breath is persistent or accompanied by other symptoms, a vet visit is essential. Seek medical attention if your dog has:
- Bleeding gums or visible tooth decay
- A sudden change in breath odor (ammonia-like, fruity, or musty)
- Weight loss, vomiting, or excessive thirst
- Difficulty eating or noticeable mouth pain
Final Thoughts
Bad breath in Shih Tzus is often caused by poor dental hygiene, gum disease, diet, or underlying health conditions. Regular tooth brushing, professional cleanings, dental chews, and a balanced diet can help keep your dog’s breath fresh and their mouth healthy. If bad breath persists despite good oral care, consult your veterinarian to rule out any serious medical issues.
By taking preventive measures and maintaining good oral hygiene, you can ensure that your Shih Tzu enjoys a happy, healthy life free of bad breath.